Learning in class week 2


Modality (ทัศนะภาวะ)
คือ ความคิดเห็นต่อสถานการณ์ที่พูด


Communitive compitence
1.Linguitics
2.Sociolinguitics
3.Discourse ตีความ text,beyond sentence.
4.Strategic, pragmatic


มีคำดังต่อไปนี้


1.May
2.May be
3.Can
4.Could
5.Might
6.Will
7.Should
8.Shall
9.Prehaps


Learning out class week 2


modality is what allows speakers to evaluate a proposition relative to a set of other propositions. In standard formal approaches to modality, an utterance expressing modality can always roughly be paraphrased to fit the following template:


(1) According to [a set of rules, wishes, believes,...] it is [necessary, possible] that [the main proposition] is the case.The set of propositions which forms the basis of evaluation is called the modal base. The result of the evaluation is called the modal force. For example the utterance in (2) expresses that, according to what the speaker has observed, it is necessary to conclude that John has a rather high income:


(2) John must be earning a lot of money.
The modal base is here the knowledge of the speaker, the modal force is necessity. By contrast, (3) could be paraphrased as ‘Given his abilities, the strength of his teeth, etc., it is possible for John to open a beer bottle with his teeth’. Here, the modal base is defined by a subset of John's abilities, the modal force is possibility.


(3) John can open a beer bottle with his teeth.
A more elaborate account of formal semantic approaches to modality is given in section 1.


Cross-linguistically, modality can be expressed by a variety of means, such as auxiliary verbs as in the examples (2) and (3), verbal morphology (mood) or adverbs. An overview of the various modal expressions across languages is given below in section 2.


Learning log week 1


I n the frist time of this course the teacher discribed about the reason plan for translation 2 and the teacher told students to explain about translation  newspaper,song,article,home registation etc. And then the teacher told the principle and method of  Thai transation ,English translation as well for guideline to me in the study English translation 2 courses


Learning out class week 1


Noun
What is a Noun?
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn.
Noun Gender
Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher," can refer to men or women.
Noun Plurals
Most nouns change their form to indicate number by adding "-s" or "-es", as illustrated in the following pairs of sentences:
Possessive Nouns
In the possessive case, a noun or pronoun changes its form to show that it owns or is closely related to something else. Usually, nouns become possessive by adding a combination of an apostrophe and the letter "s."


Types Of Nouns
1. Proper Nouns
You always write a proper noun with a capital letter, since the noun represents the name of a specific person, place, or thing.
2. Common Nouns
A common noun is a noun referring to a person, place, or thing in a general sense -- usually, you should write it with a capital letter only when it begins a sentence. A common noun is the opposite of a proper noun.
3.Concrete NounsA concrete noun is a noun which names anything (or anyone) that you can perceive through your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell. A concrete noun is the opposite of a abstract noun.
4.Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun is a noun which names anything which you can not perceive through your five physical senses, and is the opposite of a concrete noun.


5.Collective NounsA collective noun is a noun naming a group of things, animals, or persons. You could count the individual members of the group, but you usually think of the group as a whole is generally as one unit. You need to be able to recognise collective nouns in order to maintain subject-verb agreement. A collective noun is similar to a non-countable noun, and is roughly the opposite of a countable noun.